Single crystals of intrinsic strontium L(+) tartrate (IST) and manganese doped strontium L(+) tartrate (MnDST) are grown by single test tube gel diffusion technique. The growth parameters are tuned to obtain an optimum condition for growth. Elemental analysis of the grown crystals is made using Energy Dispersive Analysis by X-Rays (EDAX). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Raman techniques are used to identify various functional groups associated with the crystal lattice. Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) (in the range of 30-1030°C) is used to study the thermal stability of the grown crystals. The maximum sizes of IST and MnDST crystals of this study are 7.2×2.8×1.3 mm3 and 3.9×1.6×1.5 mm3 , respectively. The crystals are semitransparent and yellow in color. The lattices possess various functional groups identified through their vibrational structures in FTIR and Raman spectra. Intensities of Raman peaks in the case of doped crystals are observed to be more pronounced as compared to those of IST crystals. The crystals are observed to attain thermal stability in the oxide state above 980°C. While the IST crystal is found to possess a chemical formula: SrC4H4O6.5H2O with a molecular weight of 325.77, the doped MnDST crystal is found to bear a chemical formula: Sr0.9883Mn0.0117C4H4O6.5H2O with a molecular weight of 325.38 and a cationic distribution ratio: Sr2+:Mn2+=84.47:1. The thermal studies also confirm the pentahydrate nature of the crystal lattices. Keywords: DTA, FTIR, gel technique, Raman, TGA

Fine tuning proper parametric condition is the key factor to attain the required morphology on synthesis process. Perfect synthesis task can pave strong foundation towards application part such as vertical oriented, uniformed hybrid one dimension nanostructures can lead fabrication of nano electronic devices. Nanostructures in the form of zero, one and two dimensions will selectively fulfil the design aspect of transition metal oxide based electrodes for energy devices and sensors. This research paper have been examined the impact of various synthesis parameters listed as template assisted deposition, change in electrode position, deposition potential and direct deposition on copper substrate with zinc nitrate hexahydrate salt in liquid form for constant precursor concentration. Synthesis done through electrochemical deposition method using two electrode electrochemical cell with copper substrate acts as working electrode, platinum as counter electrode, Polycarbonate membrane with 200nm pores as template, for characterization Scanning Electron Microscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy techniques were used to obtain morphology analysis of the samples. Result revealed the morphology based on variation in synthesis parameter also shown limitation on template with random pores and narrow exposure of counter electrode. Scrutiny process of precursor concentration with respective characterization analysis of prior work was considered as reference for this work.
Keywords: : Synthesis, Template, Electrode potential, Electrode position, Morphology.

Manganese mixed cadmium oxalate (MMCO) crystalline materials were grown from optimized oxalic acid reinforced silica hydro gel using single test tube gel diffusion technique. Novel MMCO crystals were hard, transparent, water insoluble and exhibited high corrosion resistance. Fore grounded crystals were characterized using spectroscopic and analytical techniques. MMCO crystals inborn with cationic distribution Cd2+:Mn2+ of 1.356:1 and functional units: O-H, C=O, C-O, C-C and Cd:Mn-O in the crystal armature. MMCO crystal constituted with a chemical formula Cd0.576Mn0.424(C2O4).3H2O, molecular weight of 230.108 and crystallizes in triclinic geometry. Optical studies reveal absorption in UV region and maximum transmittance in visible region. Electromagnetic and dielectric studies spotlighted the existence of displacement current density, dielectric constant of 59.94 and capacitance of 47.90pF. The new crystalline material ingrains an electrical resistivity of 0.342×107 Ωm and allows very feeble current (few nA) to flow through them. Indeed, due to spectrum of intrinsic characteristics, MMCO crystal materials find wide applications in material science and microelectronics.
Keywords: : absorption, crystal, dielectric, displacement, silica.

Tall chimney construction of has been possible with building technologies and also with good understanding of loads acting on them to determine its structural behaviour. The experience gained in the chimney construction and design over the years the now a-day challenge is to prevent the chimney shell and lining deterioration due to penetration of flue gases through cracks in the air space. Considering borosilicate blocks as a lining material, Chimneys have been designed. It has also been reported about repairing the deteriorated chimney by removing the conventional fire bricks and applying borosilicate block on the chimney shell. The engineering properties of both the lining materials are compared in this paper. Also, the analytical study has been done on 12 hypothetical chimneys with the temperature varying at 150o C and 200o C and 200m, 150m and 100m height to gauge the effectiveness borosilicate glass blocks in terms of temperature gradient, forces induced and material cost. The study shows that borosilicate block can be a suitable replacement of conventional fire bricks, used as lining for reinforced concrete chimneys, in terms of its application and its engineering properties that govern structural parameters.
Keywords: RCC chimney, Borosilicate glass block lining, Acid proof fire brick lining.

Drying colloidal droplets have a wide range of applications from medical diagnostics to coatings for industries. This paper explores the effects of the substrate temperature (ranging from 25 to 55 Ԩ) and various initial concentrations (׎ (of 1 to 20 wt% of lysozyme in an aqueous solution on its drying and final dried film state using bright-field optical microscopy. The ׎ is divided into three regimes, ultra-concentrated (20 < ׎ ≥ 17 wt%), concentrated (17 < ׎ ≥ 9 wt%) and diluted (9 < ׎ ≥ 1 wt%). During the drying process, initially, the fluid front moves slowly and linearly inward followed by a fast, non-linear movement in both dilute and concentrated regimes. Increasing ׎ in these regimes finds that this movement in the later nonlinear region slows down as the front carries and deposits protein molecules until the supply in solution is exhausted. In the ultra-concentrated regime, the fluid front moves linearly throughout the drying process. The deposition of protein onto the surface by the fluid front creates the “coffee-ring” and increases with increasing ׎ .A dimple is observed in a central mound-structure, which grow with increase ׎ .As the temperature increases the drying rate increases, reducing the time for convective flow and the deposition of material at the fluid front. Interestingly, at (T, ׎) = (55 Ԩ, 20 wt%), the droplet forms the thickest film with supressed ring formation. The dimple diminishes in the ultra-concentrated regime, whereas it changes to an expanded spot in some samples of the diluted and concentrated regimes with elevated temperatures. Both initial concentration and substrate temperature leads to surface tension and temperature gradients across the droplet, affecting the final dried crack morphological patterns. This study provides insights into protein and protein-substrate interactions driven by temperature and concentration for biomedical and biosensing applications.
Keywords: : drying, droplet, lysozyme, morphology, patterns.

Calitropis Gigantea is an emerging staple fibre for polymer composites. The environmental friendly nature of this natural fibre has caught attention of the researchers worldwide. Recent trends and studies have reported the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the CG reinforced polymer composites which indicate that the composites can be as proficient as other available options of composites materials. The development of CG composites can fulfil the dire need of green technology which is the demand of current situation. Few studies prove that the treated strands results in high strength of the composites in comparison to the untreated fibers. The treated fibers were found to be suitable for textile industry but the limitation of difficulty in dyeing due to high cellulose content still needs attention. Research shows that the higher amount of fibre loading in composites increases its flexural, tensile and compressive strength but the tribology of these composites is yet to be discovered more in future. The economic nature of CG fibre composites along with attractive specific properties makes it eye catchy in current scenario.
Keywords: :: Calitropis Gigantea, strand, reinforced polymer composites, flexural, treated fibre