Graphene and graphene oxide (GO) have attracted growing attention in the field of resistive switching memory due to their extraordinary structural, physical and electronic characteristics. Moreover, properties such as excellent charge carrier mobility, high mechanical strength, and outstanding thermal properties make the graphene-based materials suitable for a broad range of other exploitations and many technological applications such as in sensors, energy storage devices, batteries, photocatalysis, electronic devices, supercapacitors etc. The limiting factors such as low storage density and scaling capabilities in silicon-based memories have led the researchers to explore other alternatives for developing the next generation cost effective data storage devices. The article summarises the recent advances in the field of resistive switching memory and tries to focus mainly on the use of graphene-based semiconductor heterostructure devices. The article further includes a brief comparison of the memory performances of graphene/GO nanocomposites with various insulating polymers and semiconducting materials.

Keywords: Graphene, electronic devices, resistive switching, non-volatile.

Graphene is an excellent 2D material due to its exceptional electrical properties which can be potentially used in optoelectronic. In order to use graphene in optoelectronics, the electrical properties need to be tuned. To tune electrical properties, few-layer graphene sheets (FLGS) prepared by electrochemical method have been used. The prepared FLGS has been characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and Raman Spectroscopy. The optimized FLGS by characterization has been employed to tune the electrical properties in the presence and absence of water drop under ultraviolet and visible light. The obtained current of FLGS thin film is ⁓ 0.8mA whereas; the measured current under ultraviolet light is ⁓ 1.7mA and under visible light ⁓ 1.07mA. However, it has been observed that the measured current has decreased to under ultraviolet ⁓ 0.645mA and visible light ⁓ 0.96mA in the presence of water drop in FLGS film. Therefore, the findings suggest that the electrical properties of FLGS can be tuned for various applications in optoelectronic devices.

Keywords: FLGS, Ultraviolet light, Visible light, Irradiation, Optoelectronic.

Polyaniline (PANI) based composites with manganese dioxide (MnO2, 30 wt.%) and vanadium pentaoxide (V2O5, 30 wt.%) have been synthesized using the in-situ polymerization synthesis route, whereas both the oxides used as filler materials in the polyaniline matrix. The amalgamated composites have been analyzed for morphological investigation and shielding the incident electromagnetic (EM) waves in the frequency range 8.2-12.4 GHz (X-band). PANI/MnO2 and PANI/V2O5 composites are synthesized in core-shell like morphology, whereas PANI act as core while oxide act as the shell. The shielding of EM waves has been investigated in terms of shielding effectiveness (SE). PANI/MnO2 composite exhibits the efficient SE value i.e. ~50 dB as shown in the figure. This higher value of SE is due to the ferromagnetic character of MnO2 particles which increases the dielectric losses in the specimen. Whereas, PANI/V2O5 composite attain the smaller value of SE i.e. ~9 dB, because V2O5 particles are diamagnetic in nature, thus dielectric losses decrease. Moreover, SE decreases with an increase in frequency due to a decrease in dielectric losses. PANI/MnO2 composite has an SE value greater than the minimum requirement for industrial application i.e. 30 dB, thus, PANI/MnO2 composite can be used as EM shielding material, whereas, PANI/V2O5 composite can’t fulfill this requirement.

Keywords: EMI shielding, electromagnetic pollution, PANI, core-shell.

The Boswellia sacra or Olibanum tree has unique herbal properties in the Burseraceae family and has already been considered a versatile material in traditional Arabic medicine. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized using B. sacra aqueous leaf extract as a mediator in the present study. As a critical reducing and stabilizing agent for ZnO NPs, B. sacra aqueous extract with reducing polysaccharides and phytochemicals have been used. UV-visible spectroscopy has preliminarily confirmed the formation of ZnO NPs. FTIR, XRD, and SEM analyses were used to classify the photosynthesized nanoparticles. The functional group present in the nanoparticles was analyzed using FTIR. X-ray diffraction has been used to validate the particles' crystalline existence. SEM technique determined the nanoparticles' morphology and crystalline phase of the nanoparticles. The enhanced photocatalytic activity for methylene blue as model pollutant dye under solar irradiation was 84% in 100 minutes. The antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs was tested using the agar diffusion technique against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis (gram-positive), and Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa (gram-negative) species. ZnO NPs synthesized using B. sacra leaf extract exhibited promising results against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains with a maximum inhibition zone of 15 mm and 14 mm, respectively. In conclusion, the results indicated that the protocol is quick, fast, one-step, eco-friendly, non-toxic, and alternative to physical/chemical traditional methods.

Keywords: Boswellia sacra, Zinc oxide nanoparticles, biosynthesis, antibacterial activity, photocatalyst.

The present knowledge we had in quantum computer and the most possible architecture of a quantum computer might be able to break RSA 2048 in future. In classical computer two bits represents any one of four bit information whereas in quantum due to superposition it can be represent all four states. For ‘n’ qubits system is analogous to 2n classical bits. Quantum teleportation, quantum entanglement and other makes it possible to break present cryptosystem. Shor’s Algorithm is used for integer factorization which is polynomial time for quantum computer. This can be threat for RSA security. In this paper matlab implementation of Shor’s algorithm is presented. Used classical way for getting period of function because classical computers not engage quantum phenomena. As numbers of iterations grow, probability of getting exact factor of ‘n’ acutely increased. This paper also discusses popular methods for making qubits like Silicon based Qubits in which electron is put inside nano material which is used as a transistor. In Superconducting circuit method insulator is used as a sandwich in between two metal layers. Used by Google, IBM, Intel, Microsoft. In Flux qubits method very small size loop of superconducting metal is used. This paper also discusses Quantum Proof Algorithm like Lattice-based cryptography used concept of good and bad base. In Learning with errors method if we have more equation then variable, it is over defined system. In Code based cryptography some matrixes allow for efficient error correction (good matrix) but most matrix’s does not (bad matrix) concept is used. In Hash based signatures scheme have long signatures or keys, but they are secure. Also discuss Multivariate Quantum proof algorithm. The abstract should contain maximum of 300 words. No abbreviation should be mentioned in the abstract. Give a brief summary of your research work.

Keywords: qubit, quantum computer, cryptography, Shor’s algorithm, quantum proof algorithms.

Ultrasonic welding is a process that uses mechanical vibrations using ultrasonic frequencies. The vibrations are produced by an ultrasonic sonotrode, which is used for joining two thin materials, especially in electronic industries (for applications in battery-making industries). Typically, ultrasonic welding is based on the parameters (frequency range, input pressure/load of the sonotrode, by varying the coefficient of friction between two metal sheets, the thickness of a sheet) while performing the joining process. In this work, the FEA Model-based study is used for analyzing the ultrasonic welding using “Von-Misses stress theory concepts”. The effects of various thickness of the sheet, normal force, coefficient of friction (at different welding conditions) are analyzed while performing the welding process. The temperature variation is studied while using aluminum and copper as thin sheets. This study can be used in the electronic industries for high power ultrasonic welding process, especially using aluminum and copper materials in the form of electrodes, sheets.

Keywords: Ultrasonic welding, finite element method (FEM), ultrasonic sonotrode, temperature dependent yield strength, Von Mises stress theory.

The Richardson constant is one of the most important parameters to analyze the current conduction process in the metal organic Schottky contact. But there are very few reports available on the estimation of effective Richardson constant for the natural dyes. In this work, we have estimated the values of effective Richardson constant for two different natural dyes namely Orange-Lemon and Apple-Green. A thin organic film of these herbal dyes was sandwiched in between Indium Tin Oxide-coated glass and a Copper plate by spin coating technique. The current-voltage-temperature response of the cells was investigated at a temperature interval of 303K to 333K using Keithley 2400 source meter. The effective Richardson constants for these dyes have been estimated which are 110 x 10-3 A/cm2 K2 , and 118 x 10-3 A/cm2 K2 for OL and AG dye respectively, which is different from the conventional value of 120 A/cm2 K2 . These values will help us to study different electrical parameters for these natural dyes.

Keywords: Natural dye, Schottky contact, Richardson constant.

This work reports an ultrasonic horn design and development for improving the performance of ultrasonic machining process in terms of better material removal rate for the same input conditions. The suitable operating frequency range (20 kHz-25 kHz) of the horn is analyzed with the help of finite element approach using the Ansys and for modelling Creo software is used. Typically, the machining tool vibrates around 10- 20 μm, but for effective machining requires the more magnitude or intensity (80-200 μm) of vibration within this frequency range. Performance of ultrasonic horn mainly depends on the geometrical aspects and type of material used. In this work, we focus on the ultrasonic horn with an innovative design compared to earlier reported works to obtain the maximum magnification factor within permissible stress limits. The standard criteria “stresses below the permissible limit and mode shapes at different resonance frequencies (modal analysis)” are considered while designing the horn for avoiding the tool and horn failures during machining. The optimum numbers of elements are identified to mitigate computational time based on the optimum mesh criteria. In this study, we have analysed the equivalent stresses, magnification factor (ratio of output to input amplitude) of the horn by harmonic response analysis, which can be used to arrive at the effective machining processes. Finally, the magnification factor is increased within the safe stress limit using our innovative horn design. Newly, designed horn’s performance is compared and validated with the earlier reported literature at a similar input parameters or loading conditions.

Keywords: Ultrasonic Machining (USM), Multi-linear stepped Horn/Sonotrode, FEA, Horn design, Magnification/Amplification Factor.

DOI: doi.org/10.15864/ijiip.2408